Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Track 2: Environmental Toxicology

Environmental Toxicology study help in distinguishing various toxicants, chemicals and harmful substances or organisms that effect population and the ecosystem. These studies analyses the causes, extent and severity of the toxicants in the environment and measures to be taken to eradicate the severity.

Track 3: Industrial Toxicology

Industrial Toxicology deals with the safety information on a given product its level of exposure of harmful chemicals and their effect on the ecosystem, this include the risk assessment studies, safety evaluation studies of the products. These studies are meant for the safety of the employees and the ecosystem. Several companies have their own laboratories and make regulatory studies of the drugs that are manufactured.

Track 4: Plant Toxicology

Plant toxins are the defensive mechanism shown by plant that can severely damage or kill herbivores or microbes. These plant toxins are the chemical substances with molecular mode of action of neurotoxins, phytochemicals, and phycotoxins likewise… which show their action in mucosal tissue damage. These compounds are extracted and developed as pesticides or insecticides against rodents and insects.

Track 5: Analytical Toxicology

Complete analysis that follows detection, identification, measurement of the foreign compound in biological specimens comes under analytical chemistry. These studies deal with the diagnosis, Forensic analysis, Therapeutic Drug monitoring for the drugs. These involve analysis of pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic properties and efficacy of the chemical compounds.

Track 6: Food Toxicology

Food Toxicology is that the study of the character, properties, affects and detection of unhealthful substances in food and their malady manifestation in humans. Radioactive components, serious metals, or the packing materials employed in food process area unit samples of such substances.

Food and biological process toxicologists take care of toxicants in food, the health effects of high nutrient intakes, and therefore the interactions between toxicants and nutrients.

Track 7: Metal toxicity

Metal toxicity or metal poisoning is that the toxic results of definite metals in definite forms and doses on life. Some metals are toxic once they form poisonous soluble compounds. Certain metals haven't any biological role, i.e. aren't essential minerals, or are toxic when during a certain form. Within the case of lead, any measurable amount may have negative health effects. Often heavy metals are thought as synonymous, but lighter metals can also be toxic in certain circumstances, like beryllium and lithium. Not all heavy metals are particularly toxic, and a few are essential, like iron. The definition can also include trace elements when in abnormally high doses could also be toxic. An option for treatment of metal poisoning could also be chelation therapy, which may be a technique which involves the administration of chelation agents to get rid of metals from the body.

Track 8: Aquatic toxicology

Aquatic toxicology is that the studies of the consequence of fabricate chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at different levels of organization, from subcellular between individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. This aquatic toxicology may be a multidisciplinary field which integrates toxicology, aquatic chemistry and aquatic ecology.

This field of study includes marine water, freshwater and sediment environments. Common tests include standardized acute and chronic toxicity. Acute test is lasting for 24–96 hours and chronic test is lasting for 7 days or more. These tests measure endpoints like growth, reproduction, survival, that are measured at each concentration during a gradient, alongside an impact test.

Track 9: Forensic toxicology

Forensic Toxicology is branch of forensic sciences which aid medical or investigation of death, poisoning and drug use. Steps of toxicological analysis include collection of various kinds of samples. The toxicologists must take care about the context of investigation, in particular any physical or identical symptoms recorded and narrow search like pill bottles, powder, trace residue etc... Toxicologists use different analytical techniques to determine the toxic substance present, concentrations and their effects on the victim.

Track 10: Clinical Toxicology

Clinical Toxicology is a science of medicine in humans and their best clinical use in patients. It's underpinned by the essential science of pharmacology; with one more target the applying of medical specialty principles and quantitative strategies within the real human patient's population. It's a broad scope, from the invention of recent target molecules to the consequences of drug usage in whole populations.

Track 11: Applied Pharmacology

Pharmacology specifies the thought, drugs use of medication, physiological action and properties of action. Applied material medical helps to measure the data obtained from the clinical studies and will correlate it with the clinical processes. Applied Pharmacology is that the study of but medication has a bearing on body. Medication are going to be accustomed a healthy life vogue and treat or cure malady. Applied material medical makes it gettable not entirely to clarify to the doctor the action of medication inside the figure, but jointly in evaluating the effectual of medication throughout a particular malady condition.

Track 12: Pharmacology

Pharmacology is that the branch of pharmaceutical sciences that cares with the study of drug or medication action. It's the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that have an effect on traditional or abnormal organic chemistry perform. If substances have medicinal properties, they're thought of prescribed drugs.

Track 13: Pharmacokinetics

This branch of Pharmacology studies substance effect on the body these substances include any chemical xenobiotic. The main concerns of these studies are to avail the drug metabolism from intake of drug to elimination. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects a drug.

Track 14: Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics is one the main branches of Pharmacology deals with drug- body interactions i.e. action of drug inside the body to reveal the synergy and disergy effects. These studies help in tracing the adverse effects shown by the drug. Pharmacodynamics places emphasis on Dose Response Curve and drug- receptor interactions.

Track 15: Genetic Toxicology

Genetic Toxicology might even be a sub discipline of medication that deals with the gathering, interpretation, Associate in nursing storage of knowledge about issue associated compound activity among a particular cell or tissue of Associate in nursing organism in response to exposure to unhealthful substances. Genetic Toxicology combines material medical with bioscience or totally different high-throughput molecular identification technologies like transcriptomics, biology and metabolomics. Toxicogenomics endeavors to elucidate the molecular mechanisms evolved within the expression of toxicity, and to derive molecular expression patterns (i.e., molecular biomarkers) that predict toxicity or the genetic standing thereto.

Track 16: Medical Toxicology

Medical pharmacological medicine may be a subspecialty of medication that specializes in pharmacological medicine and providing the designation, management, and hindrance of poisoning and different adverse effects thanks to medications, activity and environmental toxicants, and biological agents. Medical toxicologist’s area unit concerned within the assessment and treatment of a good form of issues together with acute or chronic poisoning, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug overdoses, envenomations, misuse, industrial accidents, and different chemical exposures.

Track 17: In- vivo and In- vitro Toxicology

Pre-clinical development, conjointly named diagnosing studies and nonclinical studies, could be a stage of analysis that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) will begin, and through that vital practicability, repetitive testing and drug safety knowledge area unit collected.

The pharmaceutical business is specifically affected by the exploration light-emitting diode with professionally prescribed medications, antibodies, and over-the-counter medications being made-up visible of discoveries from the investigation of life sciences. Clinical trials are directed to make sure that things being created are tried on but well they take a shot at people influenced by the sicknesses or conditions they're created to treat